The normal reproduction process requires interaction between the female and male reproductive tracts.
The woman ovulates and releases an egg from her ovaries to travel through the Fallopian tube to her uterus.
The male produces sperm. Both egg and sperm normally meet in the woman Fallopian tube, where fertilization occurs.
The embryo then implants in the uterus for further development.
Infertility occurs when something in this pattern does not happen.
The problem could be with the woman (female infertility), with the man (male infertility), or with both. Unknown factors cause infertility 10% of the time.
For infertility with an unknown cause.

Unexpected bleeding is always a concern for a woman at any stage of life.
Bleeding other than a normal menstrual period and even an abnormally heavy period can be a cause for alarm.
The medical term for excessive or prolonged vaginal bleeding that occurs at the regular time of the menstrual cycle is known as menorrhagia.
Metrorrhagia is the term used to refer to uterine bleeding at irregular intervals, particularly between the expected menstrual periods.
Menometrorrhagia is the combination of the two, that is, excessive uterine bleeding, both at the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals.

Vaginal infections, or vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina that creates discharge, odor, irritation, or itching.
It is difficult to diagnose because vaginitis has many causes. Women use a variety of over-the-counter medications to treat the itching, discharge, and discomfort of these conditions.
The vagina creates its own environment and maintains a balance among the normal bacteria found there and the hormonal changes in a woman's body.
Vaginitis occurs when the vaginal ecosystem has been changed by certain medications such as antibiotics, hormones, contraceptive preparations (oral and topical).

An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that develops outside a woman's uterus.
This happens when the fertilized egg from the ovary does not reach or implant itself normally in the uterus.
Instead, the egg develops somewhere else in the abdomen. The products of this conception are abnormal and cannot develop into fetuses.
The most common place that ectopic pregnancy occurs is in one of the Fallopian tubes (a so-called tubal pregnancy).
These are the tubes that transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus.
Ectopic pregnancies also can be found on the outside of the uterus, on the ovaries, or attached to the bowel.